Lunar eclipse 2011

Biometrics ( MATLAB )

I NTRODUCTION

BIOMETRICS; are automated methods of recognizing anindividual based on their physiological (e.g., fingerprints,face, retina, iris) or behavioral characteristics (e.g., gait,signature). Each biometric has its strengths and weaknessesand the choice typically depends on the application. No singlebiometric is expected to effectively meet the requirements of all the applications. Fingerprint recognition has a very goodbalance of all the properties. A number of biometriccharacteristics are being used in various applications asUniversality, Uniqueness, Permanence, Measurability,Performance, Acceptability, and Circumvention [1]



.What is a Fingerprint?

A fingerprint is the feature pattern of one finger [10]. Eachperson has his own fingerprints with the permanentuniqueness. However, shown by intensive research on fingerprint recognition, fingerprints are not distinguished bytheir ridges and furrows, but by Minutia, which are someabnormal points on the ridges as shown in Fig. 1. Among thevariety of minutia types reported in literature, two are mostlysignificant and in heavy usage: one is called termination,which is the immediate ending of a ridge; the other is called



What is Fingerprint Recognition?

The fingerprint recognition problem can be grouped intothree sub-domains: fingerprint enrollment, verification andfingerprint identification. In addition, different from themanual approach for fingerprint recognition by experts, thefingerprint recognition here is referred as AFRS (AutomaticFingerprint Recognition System), which is program-based.Verification is typically used for positive recognition, where theaim is to prevent multiple people from using the same identity.Fingerprint verification is to verify the authenticity of oneperson by his fingerprint. There is one-to-one comparison inthis case. In the identification mode, the system recognizes anindividual by searching the templates of all the users in thedatabase for a match. Therefore, the system conducts a one-to-many comparison to establish an individual’s identity